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Birefringent Crystal
optical crystal
YVO4
Yttrium vanadate (YVO₄) single crystal is a birefringent crystal material with excellent physical and optical properties. This crystal has a wide light transmission range, high transmittance, a large..
Product description
Yttrium vanadate (YVO₄) single crystal is a birefringent crystal material with excellent physical and optical properties. This crystal has a wide light transmission range, high transmittance, a large birefringence coefficient, and is easy to process. Therefore, YVO₄ crystals are widely used in the field of optical fiber communication and are key materials in passive optical communication devices such as optical isolators, optical rotators, retarders, and polarizers.
Basic Characteristics of YVO₄ Crystals:
| Transmission Range | High transmittance in the range of 0.4 - 5 μm |
| Crystal Symmetry | Tetragonal zircon, Space group D4h |
| Lattice Parameters | a = b = 7.12 Å; c = 6.29 Å |
| Density | 4.22 g/cm³ |
| Mohs Hardness | 5, similar to glass |
| Deliquescence | Non-deliquescent |
| Coefficient of Thermal Expansion | αa = 4.43×10⁻⁶/K; αc = 11.37×10⁻⁶/K |
| Thermal Conductivity | //C: 5.23 W/m/K; ⊥C: 5.10 W/m/K |
| Crystal System | Positive uniaxial crystal, no = na = nb, ne = nc |
| Thermo-Optic Coefficient | dna/dT = 8.5×10⁻⁶/K; dnc/dT = 3.0×10⁻⁶/K |
| Refractive Index, Birefringence Coefficient (△n = ne - no), Discrete Angle at 45° (ρ): | no = 1.9929, ne = 2.2154, △n = 0.2225, ρ = 6.04° at 0.63μm no = 1.9500, ne = 2.1554, △n = 0.2054, ρ = 5.72° at 1.30μm no = 1.9447, ne = 2.1486, △n = 0.2039, ρ = 5.69° at 1.55μm |
| Sellmeier Equation (λ in μm): | no² = 3.77834 + 0.069736/(λ² - 0.04724) - 0.0108133λ² ne² = 4.59905 + 0.110534/(λ² - 0.04813) - 0.0122676λ² |
Comparison of Basic Characteristics between YVO₄ and Other Birefringent Crystals
| YVO₄ | TiO₂ | CaCO₃ | LiNbO₃ | ||
| Coefficient of Thermal Expansion (/°C) | c-axis | 11.4×10⁻⁶ | 9.2×10⁻⁶ | 26.3×10⁻⁶ | 16.7×10⁻⁶ |
| a-axis | 4.4×10⁻⁶ | 7.1×10⁻⁶ | 5.4×10⁻⁶ | 7×10⁻⁶ | |
| Refractive Index | no | 1.9447@1550nm | 2.454@1530nm | 1.6346@1497nm | 2.2151@1440nm |
| ne | 2.1486@1550nm | 2.710@1530nm | 1.4774@1497nm | 2.1413@1440nm | |
| Birefringence (ne - no) | 0.2039@1550nm | 0.256@1530nm | -0.1572@1497nm | -0.0738@1440nm | |
| Mohs Hardness | 5 | 6.5 | 3 | 5 | |
| Deliquescence | None | None | Weak | None | |
| Transmission Range | 0.4 - 5μm | 0.4 - 5μm | 0.35 - 2.3μm | 0.4 - 5μm | |
Specifications of Application Products of YVO₄ Crystals:
1. Specifications of Birefringent Wedge Plates for Fiber Optic Isolators
1. Specifications of Birefringent Wedge Plates for Fiber Optic Isolators
| Aperture | 1.0x 1.0mm² to 4x4mm² |
| Size Tolerance | +/-0.05mm |
| Wedge Angle Tolerance | +/-15% |
| Optical Axis Azimuth Angle | +/-0.5° |
| Flatness | λ/4 @ 632.8 nm |
| Surface Quality | 20-10 |
| Anti-Reflection Coating | R<0.2% @1550 or 1310nm |
| Standard Size Note: Other sizes and coatings can be customized upon request |
1.25mmx1.25mmx0.5mm with 13° or 15° wedge angle, phi = 22.5° |
2. YVO₄ for Optical Circulators and Optical Beam Splitters
| Size Tolerance | W(+/-0.05mm)xH(+/-0.05mm)xL(+/-0.1mm) or (+/-0.003mm) |
| Optical Axis Azimuth Angle | +/-0.5° |
| Parallelism | <15 arc sec |
| Perpendicularity | <10 arc min |
| Flatness | λ/4 @ 632.8nm |
| Surface Quality | 20/10 |
| Anti-Reflection Coating | R<0.2% @1550 or 1310nm +/-40nm |
| Standard Size Note: Other sizes and specifications can be customized upon request |
2.6x2.6x10mm, θ = 45°, φ = 0° |
